Research ▪ Nakamoto Research

Written English corpus


This author has compiled a written English corpus of all publicly shared content confidently attributed to Nakamoto. The corpus builds on the following sources using the original texts wherever possible.

Corpus content sources

  • bitcoin-list.txt: 19 posts and responses to the original Bitcoin mailing list
  • bitcoin-talk.txt: 543 posts and responses to the Bitcoin Talk forum
  • bitcoin-p2p-e-cash-paper.txt: 18 posts and responses to the Cryptography mailing list
  • emails:
  • p2p-foundation-list.txt: 3 posts to the P2P Foundation mailing list
  • whitepaper.txt: Copy/paste from original PDF into text file
  • source code comments:
    • 0.1.0-all-comments.txt: 633 comments lines from Bitcoin version 0.1.0
    • 0.1.0-readme.txt: the readme.txt file from Bitcoin version 0.1.0

Corpus details and statistics

Top 15 most popular words in corpus
Top 15 most popular words in corpus
  • File: full-corpus.txt
  • SHA 256 summary: e133ef4146c00033261a4103c19d5d31cb01cb0cc52bf3f2fa177cb6bbf4d943
  • File size: 609.87 KB
  • Character count: 624509
  • Line count: 11686
  • Word count: 98150
  • Sentence count: 5701
  • Average sentence length: 17.22 words
  • Unique words: 8234
  • Unique words (excluding stopwords): 8117
  • Unique lemmatized words: 7552
  • Vocabulary richness (unique/total): 0.0839

Most common words (excluding stopwords):

  • would: 655
  • pm: 472
  • block: 425
  • bitcoin: 408
  • get: 357
  • transaction: 352
  • could: 336
  • one: 326
  • transactions: 299
  • like: 281
  • time: 274
  • network: 262
  • use: 261
  • nodes: 245
  • make: 237
  • need: 233
  • new: 231
  • version: 229
  • http: 223
  • address: 219

Least common words (excluding stopwords):

  • presented: 2
  • collecting: 2
  • stabilized: 2
  • sweet: 2
  • defence: 2
  • microsecond: 2
  • alluded: 2
  • long-odds: 2
  • thoughts: 2

Average word length: 4.90 characters

Nakamoto Research ▪ personal Bitcoin research notes by obxium ▪CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. This content makes no claims about the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto.